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Capitalism, Power and Innovation : Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism Uncovered
In contemporary global capitalism, the most powerful corporations are innovation or intellectual monopolies.The book’s unique perspective focuses on how private ownership and control of knowledge and data have become a major source of rent and power.The author explains how at the one pole, these corporations concentrate income, property and power in the United States, China, and in a handful of intellectual monopolies, particularly from digital and pharmaceutical industries, while at the other pole developing countries are left further behind. The book includes detailed empirical mappings of how intellectual monopolies develop and transform knowledge from universities and open-source collaborations into intangible assets.The result is a strategy that combines undermining the commons through privatization with harvesting from the same commons.The book ends with provoking reflections to tilt the scale against intellectual monopoly capitalism and arguing that desired changes require democratic mobilization of workers and citizens at large. This book represents one of the first attempts to capture the contours of an emerging new era where old perspectives lead us astray, and the old policy toolbox is hopelessly inadequate.This is true for the idea that the best, or only, way to promote innovation is to transform knowledge into private property.It is also true for anti-trust policies focusing exclusively on consumer prices.The formation of global infrastructures that lead to natural monopolies calls for public rather than private ownership. Scholars and professionals from the social sciences and humanities (in particular economics, sociology, political science, geography, educational science and science and technology studies) will enjoy a clear and all-embracing depiction of innovation dynamics in contemporary capitalism, with a particular focus on asymmetries between actors, regions and topics.In fact, its topical issue broadens the book’s scope to those curious about how innovation networks shape our world. Capitalism, Power and Innovation has won the Joan Robinson Prize, which is awarded biennially for the best monograph on a theme broadly in accord with the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE) theoretical perspectives.
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Critical Craft : Technology, Globalization, and Capitalism
From Oaxacan wood carvings to dessert kitchens in provincial France, Critical Craft presents thirteen ethnographies which examine what defines and makes ‘craft’ in a wide variety of practices from around the world.Challenging the conventional understanding of craft as a survival, a revival, or something that resists capitalism, the book turns instead to the designers, DIY enthusiasts, traditional artisans, and technical programmers who consider their labor to be craft, in order to comprehend how they make sense of it.The authors’ ethnographic studies focus on the individuals and communities who claim a practice as their own, bypassing the question of craft survival to ask how and why activities termed craft are mobilized and reproduced.Moving beyond regional studies of heritage artisanship, the authors suggest that ideas of craft are by definition part of a larger cosmopolitan dialogue of power and identity.By paying careful attention to these sometimes conflicting voices, this collection shows that there is great flexibility in terms of which activities are labelled ‘craft’.In fact, there are many related ideas of craft and these shape distinct engagements with materials, people, and the economy.Case studies from countries including Mexico, Nigeria, India, Taiwan, the Philippines, and France draw together evidence based on linguistics, microsociology, and participant observation to explore the shifting terrain on which those engaged in craft are operating.What emerges is a fascinating picture which shows how claims about craft are an integral part of contemporary global change.
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Startup Capitalism : New Approaches to Innovation Strategies in East Asia
In Startup Capitalism, Robyn Klingler-Vidra and Ramon Pacheco Pardo explore the place of startups in contemporary East Asian economies.The last few decades have seen East Asian governments provide increasing support for startups—new, high-growth, technologically oriented firms.Yet, as the authors observe, such initiatives do not necessarily benefit the growth of startups as challengers to large, established firms.Rather, they often enable startups to function as boosters for the competitiveness of these firms.Startups, in short, are both disruptors to and resources for big businesses.Klingler-Vidra and Pacheco Pardo demonstrate this dual role by examining the evolution of startup-centric policies in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and China.They show that in the region, what they call startup capitalism—an economic and political system in which startups contribute to employment, innovation, and growth—can take multiple forms.Rich with empirical detail, Startup Capitalism reveals how and why startups can end up working with—or even for—large firms to drive a country's technological capabilities.
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Fashion and Environmental Sustainability : Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology
The wide range of topics that the book covers are organised into sections reflecting a cradle to grave view of how entrepreneurial, innovative, and tech-savvy approaches can advance environmental sustainability in the fashion sector.These sections include: sustainable materials; innovation in design, range planning and product development; sustainable innovations in fashion supply chains; sustainable innovations in fashion retail and marketing; sustainable alternatives for end-of-life and circular economy initiatives; and more sustainable alternative fashion business models.
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How does American capitalism differ from Russian capitalism?
American capitalism is characterized by a more free-market approach, with less government intervention in the economy compared to Russian capitalism. In the United States, there is a strong emphasis on private ownership, competition, and individual entrepreneurship. On the other hand, Russian capitalism has been influenced by its history of state control and government involvement in the economy, leading to a more centralized and oligarchic system. Additionally, the legal and regulatory frameworks in both countries differ, impacting the way businesses operate and compete in each respective market.
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Capitalism or democracy?
Capitalism and democracy are two distinct systems that can coexist but are not interchangeable. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and the pursuit of profit, while democracy is a political system based on the principles of equality, freedom, and participation. While capitalism can thrive in a democratic society, it can also lead to inequality and exploitation if not regulated properly. Ultimately, both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and a balance between the two is necessary for a fair and just society.
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Will capitalism remain?
It is difficult to predict the future with certainty, but capitalism has proven to be a resilient economic system that has adapted to various challenges over time. While there may be calls for reform or changes to address issues such as income inequality or environmental sustainability, it is likely that capitalism will continue to be a dominant economic system in many parts of the world. However, it may evolve and incorporate new ideas and practices to address the changing needs and demands of society.
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What describes capitalism?
Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, profit motive, competition, and market-based allocation of resources.
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Late Capitalism
Late Capitalism is the first major synthesis to have been produced by the contemporary revival of Marxist economics.It represents, in fact, the only systematic attempt so far ever made to combine the general theory of the 'laws of motion' of the capitalist mode of production developed by Marx with the concrete history of capitalism in the twentieth century.A landmark in Marxist economic literature, Late Capitalism is specifically designed to explain the international recession of the 1970s and is an invaluable guide to understanding the nature of the world economy today.This edition includes a new introduction by Cédric Durand assessing the book's continued relevance.
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Cognitive Capitalism
We live in a time of transition, argues Yann Moulier Boutang.But the irony is that this is not a transition to a new type of society called ‘socialism’, as many on the Left had assumed; rather, it is a transition to a new type of capitalism.Socialism has been left behind by a new revolution in our midst. ‘Globalization’ effectively corresponds to the emergence, since 1975, of a third kind of capitalism.It does not have much to do with the industrial capitalism which, at the point of its birth (1750-1820), broke with earlier forms of mercantile capitalism.The aim of this book is to describe and explain the characteristics of this third age of capitalism. Boutang coins the term ‘cognitive capitalism’ to describe this new form of capitalism.While this notion remains a working hypothesis, it already provides some basic orientations and anchor points which are indispensible for political action.The political economy which was born with Adam Smith no longer offers us the possibility of understanding the reality which is being constructed before our eyes - namely the value, wealth and complexity of the world economic system Ð and it also does not enable us to deal with the challenges that await humanity, whether ecological or social.This book thus seeks to put us onto the path of a provisional politics and morality capable of dealing with this new Great Transformation.
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Capitalism: Histories
Charts the emergence and development of capitalism across the world from a variety of perspectives, providing a deep understanding of how capitalism came to be the dominant economic force. This book re-examines the historical emergence and evolution of capitalism.Why did a radically new way of organizing economic life emerge in regions of the early modern world?Why did it eventually encompass the globe, tying the peoples of the world together in a common economic fate?These questions have been at the heart of historical and social-scientific inquiry since the nineteenth century.They are explored and answered anew by the scholars gathered together in this geographically and theoretically capacious volume.The chapters explore the emergence and development of capitalism in Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, South Asia, East Asia, North America, and the Atlantic world, and they engage with many of the major intellectual approaches for understanding capitalism, from the New Institutional Economics to world-systems theory. The authors share a common commitment, but not a common approach, to understanding the historical development of capitalism.They believe that the emergence and evolution of capitalism must be understood by examining the concrete conditions of socioeconomic life in a particular country, empire, or region, and that such empirically and archivally driven historical analysis must be combined with theoretical discussion of the concepts and categories used to make sense of capitalism and its dynamics. This work offers different accounts of capitalist development across and within major regions of the world.It is a histories of, rather than a history of, capitalism.As such, it introduces readers to new historical research on capitalist development in different regional and national contexts and to several significant intellectual approaches for understanding what Max Weber called "the most fateful force of our modern life."ROBERT G.INGRAM is Professor of Humanities at the University of Florida. JAMES M. VAUGHN is Assistant Instructional Professor in the Social Sciences Collegiate Division at the University of Chicago. Contributors:Gareth Austin, Ralph Austen, Peter Coclanis, Tracy Dennison, C.Alexander Evans, Emma Griffin, Robert G. Ingram, Anirban Karak, John Majewski, Mark Metzler, Kenneth Pomeranz, J.Mark Ramseyer, Tirthankar Roy and Horus T'an
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Gore Capitalism
An analysis of contemporary violence as the new commodity of today's hyper-consumerist stage of capitalism. "Death has become the most profitable business in existence."-from Gore CapitalismWritten by the Tijuana activist intellectual Sayak Valencia, Gore Capitalism is a crucial essay that posits a decolonial, feminist philosophical approach to the outbreak of violence in Mexico and, more broadly, across the global regions of the Third World.Valencia argues that violence itself has become a product within hyper-consumerist neoliberal capitalism, and that tortured and mutilated bodies have become commodities to be traded and utilized for profit in an age of impunity and governmental austerity. In a lucid and transgressive voice, Valencia unravels the workings of the politics of death in the context of contemporary networks of hyper-consumption, the ups and downs of capital markets, drug trafficking, narcopower, and the impunity of the neoliberal state.She looks at the global rise of authoritarian governments, the erosion of civil society, the increasing violence against women, the deterioration of human rights, and the transformation of certain cities and regions into depopulated, ghostly settings for war.She offers a trenchant critique of masculinity and gender constructions in Mexico, linking their misogynist force to the booming trade in violence. This book is essential reading for anyone seeking to analyze the new landscapes of war.It provides novel categories that allow us to deconstruct what is happening, while proposing vital epistemological tools developed in the convulsive Third World border space of Tijuana.
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When was capitalism?
Capitalism as an economic system began to emerge in the late Middle Ages and early modern period in Europe, but it became more prominent during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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Capitalism or Communism?
The choice between capitalism and communism ultimately depends on one's values and beliefs. Capitalism promotes individual freedom, competition, and innovation, but can also lead to income inequality and exploitation. On the other hand, communism aims for equality, collective ownership, and social welfare, but can stifle individual initiative and creativity. Both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and the best choice may lie in finding a balance between the two that addresses the needs of society while respecting individual rights.
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Is capitalism unfair?
The fairness of capitalism is a matter of perspective. Proponents argue that capitalism provides opportunities for individuals to succeed based on their hard work and innovation, creating a meritocratic system. However, critics argue that capitalism can lead to inequality and exploitation, as it often benefits those who already have wealth and power. Ultimately, the fairness of capitalism depends on how it is regulated and the extent to which it addresses issues of inequality and social justice.
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Is capitalism inevitable?
The inevitability of capitalism is a topic of debate among economists and scholars. Some argue that capitalism is the most efficient and productive economic system, and therefore inevitable in the long run. Others believe that alternative economic systems, such as socialism or communism, could potentially replace capitalism in the future. Ultimately, the future of capitalism will depend on various factors including technological advancements, political decisions, and societal values. Therefore, it is not possible to definitively say whether capitalism is inevitable or not.
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